Editorial Board

Editors



   Vincent G. Kokich, DDS, MSD, Editor in Chief
   University of Washington, Department of Orthodontics,
   D-569, HSC Box 357446, Seattle, WA 98195-7446
   Telephone 206-221-5413; vgkokich@u.washington.edu




   David L. Turpin, DDS, MSD, Editor Emeritus
   Seattle, WA; dlturpin@aol.com




   Chris Burke, Managing Editor
   Seattle, WA; ckburke@aol.com

Associate Editors




   David Covell, DDS, MSD, PhD, Biology
   Portland, Oregon; covelljr@ohsu.edu




   Theodore Eliades, DDS, MS, PhD, Dental Materials
   Zurich, Switzerland; teliades@ath.forthnet.gr




   Padhraig Fleming, MSc., MOrth., FDS (Orth.), Evidence-based Dentistry
   London, United Kingdom; padhraig.fleming@gmail.com




   Dan Grauer, DDS, MSD, PhD, Resident's Journal Review
   Los Angeles, CA; drgrauer@yahoo.com




   Peter M. Greco, DMD, Ethics in Orthodontics
   Philadelphia, PA; pgrecodmd@gmail.com



   Demetrios J. Halazonetis, DDS, MS, Imaging
   Kifissia, Greece; dhal@dhal.com



   Greg Huang, DMD, MSD, MPH, Evidence-based Dentistry
   Seattle, WA; ghuang@u.washington.edu



   Laurance Jerrold, DDS, JD, Litigation and Legislation
   Jacksonville, FL; ljerrold@comcast.net



   Allen H. Moffitt, DMD, MSD, Continuing Education
   Murray, KY; AHMGM@aol.com



   Gerald Nelson, DDS, Clinician's Corner
   Oakland, CA; gerald.nelson@ucsf.edu



   Nikolaos Pandis, DDS, MS, Dr. med. dent.,
   Statistics and Research Design
   Corfu, Greece; npandis@yahoo.com




   Robert P. Scholz, DDS, Techno Bytes
   Discovery Bay, CA; rpscholz@aol.com




   John W. Stockstill, DDS, MS, TMD, Function
   Augusta, GA; jstockstill@mcg.edu




   Leslie A. Will, DMD, MSD, Growth and Development
   Boston, MA; willla@bu.edu

Liaisons




   Chun-Hsi Chung, DMD, MS, American Board of Orthodontics
   Philadelphia, PA; chung@americanboardortho.com

Staff

Jane Ryley, Publisher
Elsevier Inc. - 314-447-9226; j.ryley@elsevier.com

Carol Haufler, Journal Manager
Elsevier Inc. - 215-239-3397; c.haufler@elsevier.com

EDITORIAL REVIEW BOARD

Materials

Kazuhito Arai, Tokyo, Japan
Michael Bagby, Morgantown, WV
David W. Berzins, Milwaukee, Wis
Christoph Bourauel, Bonn, Germany
Samuel Jack Burrow, Chapel Hill, NC
Charles Burstone, Farmington, Conn
Jie Chen, Indianapolis, Ind
Kwangchul Choy, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Manville G. Duncanson, Oklahoma City, Okla
George Eliades, Athens, Greece
Andreas Faltermeier, Regensburg, Germany
Alvaro A. Figueroa, Chicago, Ill
Timothy Foley, London, Ontario, Canada
Maria Enrica Fracasso, Verona, Italy
Wolfgang Heiser, Innsbruck, Austria
Farzin Heravi, Mashad, Iran
Ross S. Hobson, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
Tony Ireland, Bristol, United Kingdom
Haruo Ishikawa, Tokyo, Japan
Thomas R. Katona, Indianapolis, Ind
Arndt Klocke, Hamburg, Germany
Michael Knoesel, Geottingen, Germany
Katherine Kula, Indianapolis, Ind
Shyh-yuan Lee, Taipei, Taiwan
Abraham B. Lifshitz, Fort Lauderdale, Fla
Declan Millett, Cork, Ireland
Eliakim Mizrahi, Essex, United Kingdom
Clarice Nishio, Rio de Janiero, Brazil
Larry Oesterle, Denver, Colo
J. Martin Palomo, Cleveland, Ohio
William Papaioannou, Athens, Greece
Neil Pender, Liverpool, United Kingdom
Argy Polychronopoulou, Athens, Greece
Donald Raboud, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Christos Rahiotis, Athens, Greece
P. E. Rossouw, Dallas, Tex
Chiayi Shen, Gainesville, Fla
Nikolaos Silikas, Manchester, United Kingdom
Louis Taloumis, Colorado Springs, Colo
Glenys A. Thorstenson, Chapel Hill, NC
John Q. Whitley, Chapel Hill, NC
Guy Willems, Leuven, Belgium
Spiros Zinelis, Athens, Greece

Digital Technology

Ahmad Abdelkarim, Jacksonville, Fla
Renata Rodrigues Almeida-Pedrin, Bauru, SP, Brazil
Yossi Bar-Zion, Los Angeles, Calif
Markus Bastir, Madrid, Spain
Sebastian Baumgaertel, Cleveland, Ohio
Joseph M. Caruso, Loma Linda, Calif
Jan Christian Danz, Bern, Switzerland
Reyes Enciso, Los Angeles, Calif
Will Engilman, Middletown, Ky
Daniel Fried, San Francisco, Calif
Bernard Friedland, Boston, Mass
Dan Grauer, Chapel Hill, NC
Philipp Gunz, Leipzig, Germany
William Edward Harrell, Alexander City, Ala
Bo Hou, Brookline, Mass
Yukio Kojima, Nagoya, Japan
John B. Ludlow, Chapel Hill, NC
Arthur J. Miller, San Francisco, Calif
Mary Kay Miller, East Rochester, NY
Aaron Molen, Auburn, Wash
Wouter Mollemans, Leuven, Belgium
David E. Paquette, Charlotte, NC
Frits Rangel, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
William Charles Scarfe, Louisville, Ky
Peter M. Sinclair, Los Angeles, Calif
Richard G. Standerwick, Vancouver, BC, Canada
James J. Xia, Houston, Tex

Diagnosis and Treatment Planning

Hussam Abdel-Kader, Cairo, Egypt
Ahu Acar, Istanbul, Turkey
Z. Mirzen Arat, Ankara, Turkey
Tiziano Baccetti, Florence, Italy
Sheldon Baumrind, Berkeley, Calif
Robert E. Binder, Newark, NJ
Anna Bocchieri, Tricesimo, Italy
K. Hero Breuning, Tiel, The Netherlands
Rodrigo Hermont Cançado, Bauru, SP, Brazil
Lucia H. S. Cevidanes, Chapel Hill, NC
Mark Andrew Cordato, Bathurst, NSW, Australia
Mohamad Hani Nouri Dalati, London, United Kingdom
Marinho Del Santo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
Calogero Dolce, Gainesville, Fla
Jeryl D. English, Houston, Tex
Francisco Eraso, Indianapolis, Ind
Carla A. Evans, Chicago, Ill
Henry W. Fields, Columbus, Ohio
Erhan Gelgor, Kirikkale, Turkey
Mithran S. Goonewardene, Nedlands, Australia
Peter Greco, Philadelphia, Pa
Geoffrey M. Greenlee, Seattle, Wash
James Hartsfield, Lexington, Ky
Chung-Ju Hwang, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Guilherme Janson, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Marcos Janson, Bauru, SP, Brazil
Seppo Jarvinen, Lahti, Finland
Earl Johnson, San Francisco, Calif
Sanjivan Kandasamy, Perth, Australia
Mustafa Kayalioglu, Adana, Turkey
Tae Woo Kim, Seoul, South Korea
Thomas Kluemper, Lexington, Ky
Yoon-Ah Kook, Seoul, South Korea
Takayuki Kuroda, Yokohama, Japan
Budi Kusnoto, Chicago, Ill
Manuel O. Lagravere, Edmonton, AB, Canada
Brent E. Larson, Minneapolis, Minn
C. L. B. Lavelle, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
Shin-Jae Lee, Seoul, South Korea
Eric J.W. Liou, Taipei, Taiwan
Sanjay M. Mallya, Los Angeles, Calif
Richard Masella, Fort Lauderdale, Fla
Christine Mills, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Jose Nelson Mucha, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Ravindra Nanda, Farmington, Conn
Leniana Santos Neves, Bauru, SP, Brazil
Hee Soo Oh, San Francisco, Calif
Husamettin Oktay, Erzurum, Turkey
Chukwudi Ochi Onyeaso, Ibadan, Nigeria
Moschos A. Papadopoulos, Thessaloniki, Greece
Leslie Pitner, Columbia, SC
Omur Polat, Konya, Turkey
William Proffit, Chapel Hill, NC
Reint Albert Reynders, Milan, Italy
Eugene Roberts, Indianapolis, Ind
Eduardo Almada Santos, Aracatuba, SP, Brazil
Jen Soh, Singapore
Robert Staley, Iowa City, Iowa
Sang-Jin Sung, Seoul, Republic of Korea
M. Serdar Toroglu, Balcali, Adana, Turkey
Katherine W. L. Vig, Columbus, Ohio
Robert W. F. Vitral, Juiz de Fora, Minas, Gerais, Brazil
Tian Min Xu, Beijing, China
Bjorn Zachrisson, Oslo, Norway

Esthetics

Marc Ackerman, Jacksonville, Fla
Ezz Dean Azzeh, Boston, Mass
Dario Bertossi, Verona, Italy
Jose A. Bosio, Milwaukee, Wisc
S. J. Bowman, Portage, Mich
Luis Carriere, Barcelona, Spain
Jay Decker, Seattle, Wash
Donald Giddon, Wellesley, Mass
Roberto Justus, Mexico City, Mexico
Christopher Maulik, Solana Beach, Calif
Mario Polo, San Juan, Puerto Rico
David M. Sarver, Birmingham, Ala
Shiva Shanker, Columbus, Ohio

Growth and Development

Gurkan Altuna, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
A.E. Athanasiou, Thessaloniki, Greece
Hyoung Baik, Seoul, South Korea
Richard Ballard, New Orleans, La
Theodosia Bartzela, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Adrian Becker, Jerusalem, Israel
Yocheved Ben-Bassat, Jerusalem, Israel
Krister Bjerklin, Jonkoping, Sweden
Alan J. Borislow, Philadelphia, Pa
Peter Buschang, Dallas, Tex
Thomas J. Cangialosi, New York, NY
Ismail Ceylan, Erzurum, Turkey
Stella Chaushu, Jerusalem, Israel
Yi-Jane Chen, Taipei, Taiwan
Panayiotis Christou, Athens, Greece
Martyn Cobourne, London, United Kingdom
Ilhan M. Dagsuyu, Erzurum, Turkey
Jose S. Dahan, Brussels, Belgium
Janalt Damstra, Groningen, The Netherlands
John Daskalogiannakis, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Tarek Hessin El-Bialy, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Eric Everett, Chapel Hill, NC
Mona M.S. Fayed, Cairo, Egypt
Virgilio F. Ferrario, Milano, Italy
Leonard S. Fishman, Skaneateles, NY
Carlos Flores-Mir, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Sylvia Frazier-Bowers, Chapel Hill, NC
Piotr Fudalej, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Daniela G. Garib, Bauru, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Bruce Haskell, Louisville, Ky
Serpil Hazar, Izmir, Turkey
Sue Herring, Seattle, Wash
Lysle Johnston, Ann Arbor, Mich
Christos Katsaros, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Elias G. Katsavarias, Athens, Greece
Chung How Kau, Houston, Tex
Khaled Khalaf, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
O. P. Kharbanda, New Delhi, India
Gregory King, Seattle, Wash
Marie Marklund, Umea, Sweden
Steve Marshall, Iowa City, Iowa
Fernando Lima Martinelli, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
James A. McNamara, Ann Arbor, Mich
Luciane Macedo Menezes, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
R. Matthew Miner, Boston, Mass
Hideo Mitani, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
Ram Nanda, Oklahoma City, Okla
Peter Ngan, Morgantown, WV
Ib Leth Nielsen, San Francisco, Calif
Perry Opin, Milford, Conn
Yang-ho Park, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Sheldon Peck, Newton, Mass
Timo Peltomaki, Tampere, Finland
James Posluns, Toronto, ON, Canada
Chiarella Sforza, Milano, Italy
Miri Shalish, Jerusalem, Israel
Julie Staggers, Winchester, Va
Ichiro Takahashi, Fukuoka, Japan
Tancan Uysal, Kayseri, Turkey
Atalia Wasserstein, Tel Aviv, Israel

Biology

Victor E. Arana-Chavez, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
Efthimia K. Basdra, Athens, Greece
Anne-Marie Bollen, Seattle, Wash
Ilana Brin, Jerusalem, Israel
Paolo Maria Cattaneo, Aarhus, Denmark
M. Ali Darendeliler, Sydney, Australia
Ze'ev Davidovitch, Cleveland, Ohio
L. R. Dermaut, Gent, Belgium
Joseph Ghafari, Philadelphia, Pa
Mark Hans, Cleveland, Ohio
Nan Hatch, Ann Arbor, Mich
Laura Iwasaki, Lincoln, Neb
Stuart D. Josell, Baltimore, MD
Dimitris Kletsas, Athens, Greece
Vinod Krishnan, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
Shingo Kuroda, Okayama, Japan
Kee-Joon Lee, Seoul, Korea
Sean Shih-Yao Liu, Indianapolis, Ind
Dawei Liu, Milwaukee, Wisc
Zi-Jun Liu, Seattle, Wash
Kenshi Maki, Kitakyushu, Japan
Murray Meikle, Singapore
Birte Melsen, Aarhus, Denmark
Neal C. Murphy, Los Angeles, Calif
Jeffrey C. Nickel, Lincoln, Neb
Paula Vanessa Pedron Oltramari-Navarro, Londrina, Brazil
Claudia Barbosa Quintella, Bauru, SP, Brazil
Yijin Ren, Groningen, The Netherlands
Edvaldo Antoni Ribeiro Rosa, Curitiba, Brazil
Glenn T. Sameshima, Los Angeles, Calif
Bhavna Shroff, Richmond, Va
Zongyang Sun, Columbus, Ohio
Lokesh Suri, Boston, Mass
Teruko Takano-Yamamoto, Sendai, Japan
Bart Vande Vannet, Brussels, Belgium
Sunil Wadhwa, Farmington, Conn
Kazunori Yamaguchi, Kitakyushu, Japan
James John Zahrowski, Tustin, Calif

TMD/Function

Jose Luiz Villaça Avoglio, Sao Paulo, Brazil
J.M.H. Dibbets, Marburg, Germany
Charles S. Greene, Chicago, Ill
Diane Johnson, Mooresville, Ind
Richard W. Katzberg, Sacramento, Calif
Sunil Kapila, Ann Arbor, Mich
Stavros Kiliardis, Geneva, Switzerland
Rosalia Leonardi, Catania, Italy
Paul W. Major, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Karim. A. Mobarak, Oslo, Norway
Donald J. Rinchuse, Pittsburgh, Pa
Dayse Urias, Parana, Brazil

Treatment and Biomechanics

Sug-Joon Ahn, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Sercan Akyalcin, Houston, Tex
Marcio Rodrigues Almeida, Bauru, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Elie William Amm, Jbeil, Lebanon
Fernanda Angelieri, Bauru, S~ao Paulo, Brazil
Patrick S. Anhoury, Beirut, Lebanon
Jon Artun, Safat, Kuwait
Hasan Babacan, Sivas, Turkey
Seung-Hak Baek, Seoul, Republic of Korea
P. E. Benson, Sheffield, United Kingdom
Robert Boyd, San Francisco, Calif
Naphtali Brezniak, Tel-Aviv, Israel
Friedrich K. Byloff, Graz, Austria
Daniele Cardaropoli, Torino, Italy
Sylvain Chamberland, Quebec, Canada
Shih-Hsuan Chen, Seattle, Wash
Susan J. Cunningham, London, United Kingdom
G. Fr€ans Currier, Oklahoma City, Okla
Toshio Deguchi, Nagano, Japan
Jaime De Jesus-Vinas, San Juan, Puerto Rico
Nagwa Helmy El-Mangoury, Cairo, Egypt
Toshiya Endo, Niigata, Japan
Giampietro Farronato, Milano, Italy
Ingalill Feldmann, Gavle, Sweden
Padhraig S. Fleming, London, United Kingdom
Lorenzo Franchi, Florence, Italy
Karina Maria Salvatore de Freitas, Bauru, SP, Brazil
Pawan Gautam, Chicago, Ill
Silvia Geron, Tel Aviv, Israel
Guoqiang Guan, Buffalo, NY
Chester Handelman, Chicago, Ill
Winfried Harzer, Dresden, Germany
John L. Hayes, Williamsport, Pa
Kristin Heimisdottir, Reykjavik, Iceland
Garland Hershey, Chapel Hill, NC
Sarandeep S. Huja, Columbus, Ohio
Hyeon-Shik Hwang, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
Hakan N. Iscan, Ankara, Turkey
Haluk Iseri, Ankara, Turkey
Teitur Jonsson, Reykjavik, Iceland
Onur Kadioglu, Oklahoma City, Okla
Toru Kageyama, Shiojiri, Nagano, Japan
Seong-Hun Kim, Uijeongbu-shi, South Korea
Neal D. Kravitz, South Riding, Va
Hee-Moon Kyung, Daegu, Korea
Harry Legan, Nashville, Tenn
Liran Levin, Tel Aviv, Israel
Roberto M. A. Lima Filho, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Steven J. Lindauer, Richmond, Va
Susan P. McGorray, Gainesville, Fla
Marcoeli Silva de Moura, Teresina, Piaui, Brazil
Shouichi Miyawaki, Nara, Japan
Hong-Beom Moon, Los Angeles, Calif
Robert Moore, Grand Island, Neb
Yehya A. Mostafa, Cairo, Egypt
Mitsuru Motoyoshi, Tokyo, Japan
Hassan Noroozi, Tehran, Iran
Kevin O'Brien, Manchester, United Kingdom
Maria O'Reilly, Marlton, NH
Leandro Berni Osorio, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
Maja Ovsenik, Llubljana, Slovenia
Hamid Reza Pakshir, Shiraz, Iran
Hans Pancherz, Giessen, Germany
Hyo-Sang Park, Daegu, Republic of Korea
Ceib Phillips, Chapel Hill, NC
Alan M. Polson, Philadelphia, Pa
Mohammad Razavi, Cleveland, Ohio
Straty Righellis, Oakland, Calif
Daniel J. Rinchuse, Greensburg, Pa
Michael Riolo, Ypsilanti, Mich
Sabine Ruf, Bern, Switzerland
Roy Sabri, Beirut, Lebanon
Vikas Sehgal, Yamunanagar, India
Peter A. Shapiro, Seattle, Wash
Pramrod Sinha, Spokane, Wash
Thomas E. Southard, Iowa City, Iowa
Peter M. Spalding, Lincoln, Neb
Arild Stenvik, Oslo, Norway
Junji Sugawara, Sendai, Japan
Sunjay Suri, Toronto, ON, Canada
T€ulin Taner, Ankara, Turkey
Kazuo Tanne, Hiroshima, Japan
Carroll-Ann Trotman, Chapel Hill, NC
Uday Kumar Umesan, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei, Darussalam
Madhur Upadhyay, Farmington, Conn
Alexander Vardimon, Tel Aviv, Israel
Juha Eerik Varrela, Turku, Finland
Rodrigo Frizzo Viecilli, Indianapolis, Ind
Hans L. L. Wellens, Sint-Michiels, Brugge, Belgium
Gary Wolf, Norwalk, Ohio
Sumit Yadav, Indianapolis, Ind
Ibrahim Yavuz, Erzurum, Turkey
Noriaki Yoshida, Nagasaki, Japan
Xiao-guang Zhao, Shanghai, China
Giliana Zuccati, Firenze, Italy

Biostatistics

Ellen A. Begole, Chicago, Ill
Tarisai C. Dandajena, Oklahoma City, Okla
Jorge Faber, Brasilia, Brazil
Jackie Badawi Fayad, Paris, France
Jayne Elizabeth Harrison, Liverpool, United Kingdom
Despina Koletsi, Athens, Greece
Conchita Martin, Madrid, Spain
Anestis Mavropoulos, Geneva, Switzerland
Giuseppe Perinetti, Trieste, Italy
Terttu Pietila, Pori, Finland
Charles Brian Preston, Buffalo, NY
Christopher Riolo, Ann Arbor, Mich
Yu-Kang Tu, Leeds, United Kingdom